Productive Strategies for Gone with the Wind Essay Topics That You Can Use Today

Productive Strategies for Gone with the Wind Essay Topics That You Can Use Today Despite it all, I have to stay resolute. But she spent 6 months to confirm the time of the historical event and specific locations repeatedly. As the days go by, she does learn there are others on earth and she's not quite as self-interested as she was initially. It's unconfirmed if they're all living. But if there was not any car crash, she wouldn't have chance and enough time to write it. Not all the information for the folks on this list is correct on IMDb so please remember to read the notes which I have included which have been updated as of June of this past year. The animals which are surviving deforestation must flee the region and look for new shelter, which might not only be harmful to animals, but to humans also. The Argument About Gone with the Wind Essay Topics In reality, just about each evil attributed to drug abuse is really brought about by some underlying social problem and almost all of these issues can be blamed on. Because of our racism topics, you will be able to find out more about this significant matter. Among the most prevalent issues in our world today is the matter of deforestation. Positive and negative effects of social networking on the battle against racism. The transportation that exists determines how we'll live and the character of our society also determines what transportation is made. Now, she realizes that financial security is inadequate, but instead that compassion, community, and a comprehension of reality are very important to her growth. I think wonderful inroads are made so far as dementia. however, it needs continual work, and an entire bunch of really great folks are doing their finest. This book is all about the civil war and its drastic consequences on southern society. 84 decades before, Margaret Mitchell started to write Gone with the Wind. Walls has triumphed over the conditions of her life. The standard Southern Belle. Nobody could find out how to make it operate. First, the irony in it's the very best. The absolute most dangerous delusion of all is there is just one reality. At the center of the problem was Scarlett's selfishness. A Startling Fact about Gone with the Wind Essay Topics Uncovered That Fl eming succeeds so well may result from the fashion in which he's highlighted his principals in every scene, irrespective of the spectacular elements. Contemporary education is overloaded with written assignments, so should you require high-quality help with it, you may think ordering a paper from an internet assignment writer. These proposal paper ideas might catch your eye if you wish to explore this area of knowledge. The next 30 questions are debatable and will need to be studied thoroughly. You'll discover contrasting characteristics and similar characteristics in each individual set. Enhancing your vocabulary is necessary for composing well-written papers. Gone with the Wind is just one of the few movies which could be called epic film. For that, I would say it is a fantastic story. Epic background isn't a required state of love film, but nevertheless, it can allow it to be simpler to let a film classic. Success doesn't render a book or movie totally free of flaws. Real folks are complicated too. The acting is completely unbelievable. My emotions were all around the place because I loved the book yet hated all of it at the exact time. I usually don't have any clue how it's going to end, and the true story arrives to me while I'm writing. They argue and talk about their relationship. Please don't hesitate to use this as a means to begin your own ideas to make an excellent fully rounded discussion. Anyway, many readers do not have enough time to read the entire story, so I will give a review of the plot. So because a number of the people within these groups may acquire offended or uncomfortable with the selection of book, another decision is formed. There are a few other fantastic essay topics you'll be able to use along these exact lines. There have been four principal individuals in the comprehensive story. The Advantages of Gone with the Wind Essay Topics But they're overlong and overplayed. They live so as to serve their masters. It's very representative. It shouldn't be too broad or too vague.

Can Fiction be Philosophy Essay - 3907 Words

This paper examines the relation between philosophy and literature through an analysis of claims made by Martha Nussbaum regarding the contribution novels can make to moral philosophy. Perhaps her most controversial assertion is that some novels are themselves works of moral philosophy. I contrast Nussbaum’s view with that of Iris Murdoch. I discuss three claims which are fundamental to Nussbaum’s position: the relation between writing style and content; philosophy’s inadequacy in preparing agents for moral life because of its reliance on rules; and the usefulness of the moral work engaged in by readers of novels. The evaluation of these claims requires a discussion of the nature of philosophy. I find that Murdoch and Nussbaum agree on the†¦show more content†¦(2) My purpose here is to examine this assertion. In the process I will compare Nussbaums view with that of Iris Murdoch. I have selected for discussion three central claims from Loves Knowledge, Nussbaums essays on philosophy and literature. The first claim pertains to the relation of writing style to content. (3) On this topic Nussbaum suggests that writing style is not neutral; the form of writing influences the content conveyed; certain aspects of life cannot be conveyed adequately in argumentative writing; and literary artists can state...truths about human life which escape philosophical prose. (4) The second claim concerns Nussbaums view that philosophys concentration on rules has obscured the need for perception of particular (possibly unique) features of concrete situations. Nussbaum finds that moral philosophers usual reliance on rules, when addressing questions concerning proper conduct, underrates the significance of the concrete details of moral life. Therefore, philosophy does a poor job of preparing persons for moral life. 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Gender Egalitarianism Applied in Middle East Workplaces

Question: Discuss about the Gender Egalitarianism Applied in Middle East Workplaces. Answer: Introduction Gender Egalitarianism or gender equality refers to that every individual should be given equal rights and responsibilities irrespective of their gender. It is one of the key objectives of the Universal Declaration of Human rights given by the United Nation that men and women should be given equal rights and responsibilities. Over the years it has been analyzed that gender inequality prevailed in the society where men were given more importance at workplaces as compared to women. Women have always been considered as an inferior gender in the society and they are expected to stay at home. Due to a number of civil rights organizations, the role of women in the work place has risen not in the developed countries only but also in the developing countries which are regarded as a good sign. After so many reforms for gender equality there are still some regions especially in Asian Countries were women are supposed to stay at home and look after it and if they are working they are not given e qual treatment and positions that males are enjoying. Women discrimination still exists in the workplaces as the senior executive positions are given to men and the salary gap is also there. There are a number of reasons that the discrimination amongst the gender is prevalent in the society from the earlier times. Men are regarded as the most stronger and dominant gender in the society and they are given full freedom and liberty to do as per their wish. This is a primary reason that the women have to face discrimination at their home as well as at their workplaces (Gregory, 2003). Though they are given equal opportunities and treatment while performing some task but when it comes to salary and leadership, men are given more than women. This is a literature review which has been conducted to analyze whether gender egalitarianism is applied in the workplaces in the Middle East in the terms of work time, income and security. So for the purpose of this literature review opinions of various authors will be analyzed with respect to gender equality, gender diversity and leadership. In the light of these three key concepts a deep debate will be conducted about the opinions of various research scholars to get the adequate and accurate information of Gender Egalitarianism. Debate amongst Writers regarding Gender equality This section is about a critical analysis of authors views about Gender Equality which means equal treatment should be given to men and women in the workplace with respect to work time, income and security. Dr Faiza Ali presented her strong arguments on the gender egalitarianism through her article titled Gender Equality at Workplace. Through this article she has presented her views on gender equality, key concepts like gender stereotyping, pay and glass ceiling. As per her opinion, men and women are give equal job opportunities at work place but when it comes to salary and promotion, men are given more as compared to women. She presented an argument in which she stated that if men and women are working for the equal duration with equal effort, then what the reason of inequality is. She opposed and addressed various seniors that why women are least considered for the higher positions and more salary. Through her research she has also proposed different theories on gender segregation at the workplace which has been presented in the article which includes Marxist Theory, radical feminist theory and dual system theory. She has also presented approaches through which gender equality can be promoted at the workplace and what kind of benefits if offers to an organization. She has defined Gender Equality at the workplace as giving equal opportunities, rights and responsibilities to men and women in employment which are necessary for an organization to improve its growth and functionality. She further added that equality means that giving equal importance to the needs, interest and priorities of both men and women at the workplace by giving recognition to the different diversity of both genders at the workplace. A gender stereotype is related to giving more importance to men which have been prevalent since ages create two major issues i.e. Pay Gap and glass ceiling which is an invisible barrier. Dr. Faiza also presented theories on Gender segregation at the workplace which includes Marxist Theory which analyzed the effect of the capitalist system on workforce segregation. The Marxist feminist focussed on taking apart capitalism for the purpose to achieve liberation for women. Radical Feminist theory states the reason for inequality at the workplace is because of patriarchy system that prevails. Dual System theory was based on a combination of both that states that reason for gender segregation at the workplace is because of capitalist patriarchy (Ali, 2015). Witnessing the reasons for the gender inequality at the workplace, the number of approaches for promoting the gender equality has been proposed in this work. In her work she identified the benefits of Gender Equality at workplace which are listed below: Attracts Top Talent: Any organization that equally treats women and men will offer businesses with an access to a great talent pool. Reduce Expenses: The organization that is fair attracts both women and men and they will stay with them for a long time as there are fewer chances for employee turnover for an organization, which will reduce the high expense involved in the recruitment Better Performance: The most important factor amongst all these factors is diversity that helps in bringing together the different perspectives, that helps in producing a more holistic observation of the different issues that an organization may face, and encourages greater effort, that lead to an improved decision-making. Improves competitiveness and Natural Productivity: It states that giving power to women is the best use a nation can make of its endowment which will decrease the gender inequality, improves productivity and make economic growth Another argument on Gender Equality was presented by Anne Mikkola (2004) in which she described the importance of gender equality in development and growth of an organization. She stated that women have less economic opportunities to enhance and earn their livelihood as they are usually restricted in the terms of education, the monetary return of their work, wealth ownership and opportunities and decision making. She presented evidence which revealed that where men and women are given equal opportunities that countries are affluent countries. This simply shows that there is a close association between development level and the role of women, seeking to which development of women is considered as a top most priority. In the light of these arguments Jacobson (2002) condemned the statement that there are a number of issues that men faces but is least considered. She reported that are a number of areas where men face problem both in developed and developing countries. She stated that any destruction of the human capital affects men more than a women. Moreover changing the role of men puts more pressure on them and ultimately the expectation level of the organization rises which may be disturbing sometimes as they have to work for more hours. Witnessing the hardships faced by Men at the workplace, she suggested that men should be given equal attention (Mikkola, 2005). This literature survey illustrates the gender equality at workplaces for which various authors presented their views on various issues that men and women face at the workplace in terms of work time, salary and positions. It has been observed that the countries where men and women are treated equally in the workplace are the most developed nations. Therefore it can be concluded that both should be given equal treatment in terms of income, position, and work time. Debate amongst Writers regarding Gender Diversity Gender Diversity is defined as having an equal proportion of men and women at work place which plays a significant role in the development of an organization and there are a number of companies who have realized the value of having a diverse workforce. For the purpose of this literature review a deep debate has been conducted amongst writers with respect to Gender Diversity at the workplace. Ruchika Tulshyan (2015) presented her views in the favour of gender equality in the workplace through her research on The Diversity Advantage. In her article she presented strong views on women empowerment and focussed on promoting diversity at workplaces. Her research work presented very challenging issues that every woman of the world is facing especially at workplaces. We are in the era of technological advancement and modernization but the gender inequality still prevails in developed as well as developing countries. She makes a great urge to all the organizations of the world to make an effort to explore the talent of women by giving them the position and opportunities that they actually deserve. It has been observed that women are given job opportunities but there are very less number of women who holds the senior positions. In her work she has suggested having gender diversity at the workplace that will help the organization to achieve the target goals as it has been observed that women have the potential to manage a number of tasks simultaneously (Tulshyan, 2015). Beverly Dawn Metcalfe (2005) has given strong reviews on gender diversity at Middle East workplaces in his article Exploring cultural dimensions of gender and management in the Middle East. Through his research he has analyzed the experience of female professionals at workplaces in three regions in the Middle East: Jordan, Oman and Bahrain. The research was conducted that revealed the importance of females in the economic development of the country. He stated that women in the Middle East are excellent in management but they are restricted to perform and show their potential because of the strong and rigid role of gender in Islamic culture. Through his research he has recommended the effective strategies for Human resource management that can help in the appointment and equal treatment of both genders at the workplace which can help a business organization to develop at international level (Metcalfe B. , 2005). Beverly Dawn Metcalfe (2007) again conducted a research in which he presented his strong views on gender equality and diversity at Middle East workplaces in his article Gender and human resource management in the Middle East. His research was based on an evaluation of the impact of Islamic values on women at workplace, their experience and how the HRM and gender policies are being framed by Islam. The study was based on the evaluation of 27 semi structured interviews and 53 response from the surveys that was conducted in the workshop for Career development in Bahrain. The observation has clearly revealed the rising significance of female employment in the Middle East and summarizes the government initiatives in planning national strategies for development in a well-defined Islamic framework in order to sustain the advancement of women in the public sphere. The experimental data has shown that women face constraints in career and development because of gender inequality. He analyzed t hat the Human Resource Management policies have been designed as per the Islamic framework which supports more power to males. He has made strong suggestions that Human Resource Department should take some significant steps to promote women equality and they should be given equal training. There are some other issues that have been suggested through this article that to understand and develop a business relationship at the global level it is important to give equal rights to Women as well. A strong recommendation has been made by him for implementing global HRM scholarship that will help to tackle the gender issues at the Middle East (Metcalfe B. D., 2007). V M Moghadam (2003) presented his view in the book Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle East He stated that the technological advancements and societal changes transformed and promoted gender equality in Middle East workplaces. He further added that women have been always regarded as a weaker section of the society but with social reforms and change in the thinking of society, women are getting equal importance like men. Still there are some areas where women have to face discrimination especially during promotions and salary. With reference to his research he suggested that there is a great need to promote diversity at workplaces which means that they should have an equal ratio of men and women at workplace and both should be given equality in everything say it is the position, salary and promotions. Diversity at workplace will help in organizational growth and development (Moghadam, 2003). Debate amongst Writers regarding the Leadership Leadership is defined as the act of leading people in an organization for which there are various styles through which people can be directed to work. A literature review has been conducted to identify who can be a better leader with respect to gender for which various authors have presented their arguments. Alice and Linda (2008) presented their reviews on gender leadership in their article Women and Labyrinth of leadership in which they highlighted the status of women and perception of people about them in terms of leadership and leadership qualities. A research was conducted by them to analyze that women have achieved heights in their career but still they dont get higher positions and salary as compared to their counterpart men. In terms of leadership they have observed that people have the perception that women cannot become strong leaders and does not possess leadership qualities as they are very gentle and polite with their mates. In spite of all this, they say women have so many domestic responsibilities and they cannot pay attention to both their personal and professional work equally for which they are deprived of becoming leaders in the workplace. They have given a number of reasons because of which women are not given higher positions like issues with leadership style, demand s for family life, underinvestment in social capital etc. Both authors have suggested people to make changes in their perception about women as they are actually the stronger gender of the society who can manage all the responsibilities very well (Carli, 2007). With respect to the Gender differences in style of Leadership, the findings are very contradictory. Eagly and Johnson (1990) stated that there is a small difference in the leadership style where women usually adopt democratic and participative leadership style and men follow the autocratic style. They added that women are soft hearted usually and they tend to work equally with the people rather than dominating them or directing them strictly, whereas men are lean towards the autocratic behaviour (Eagly, 2013). Rosener (1990) also stated that there is a less difference amongst the styles of men and women where men usually adopt transactional leadership style and women adopt transformational leadership style. It has been observed that behaviour of gender is changing with time where women have changed a lot and men have changed a less, the reason being that women are given equal opportunities at the workplace which earlier were given to men only. Eagly, Karau, Makhijani (1995) stated that men and women both are effective leaders and differences usually appeared in Gender Evaluation. With respect to the leadership literature, the glass ceiling is the most discussed phenomenon which is defined as an invisible barrier that appeared against women which prevented them from acquiring the leadership positions in the organizations (Underdahl, Walker, Woehr, 2014). Northhouse (2007) presented a statement that the reasons for which women were given fewer positions in the top management were that they had so much pressure of the domestic responsibilities, less work experience and follows informal leadership style (Northouse, 2016). Therefore in terms of diversity, it can be stated that men and women are equally effective leaders though they adopt different leadership style but with the change of time, women are coming into power which has affected their leadership style as well (Snaebjornsson Edvardsson, 2013). Conclusion This literature review was conducted to analyze that gender egalitarianism is applied in Middle East workplace in the terms of work equality, income and security. For the purpose of this literature review, a deep debate was conducted amongst the writers in terms of Gender equality, Gender Diversity and Leadership which helped to explore the more information about Gender equality, the importance of Gender Diversity and leadership style of men and women. In the light of above discussions it can be stated that Gender equality has been applied at Middle East Workplaces in the terms of rights and recruitment but when it comes to top executive positions and equal salary, the discrimination based on gender still exists. This literature review is based on exploring gender roles in terms of diversity, leadership and equality in the Middle East. As per the opinion of various research scholars it has been found that with a change in thinking and advancement, women have started getting equivalent roles and responsibilities at the workplace but due to Islamic culture and beliefs the HRM policy has been designed to give better position and salary to men in the workplaces. It has also been observed that people think women have family responsibilities also for which they are not given higher positions in the workplace. Witnessing this situation, there is a great need to implement equality in terms of salary as well as positions in the workplace as it offers a number of benefits to the organization. There are a number of initiatives that has been taken in the same direction in MENA region but there are some areas that need to be improved so that organizations can make efficient use of human resources for the betterment of their organizations. References Ali, F. (2015). Gender equality in the workplace. Researchgate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Faiza_Ali4/publication/280559937_Gender_equality_in_the_workplace/links/562f4c8d08aef25a24456d12.pdf Carli, L. (2007). Women and the Labyrinth of Leadership. Harvard Business Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Linda_Carli/publication/5957753_Women_and_the_labyrinth_of_leadership/links/0046351eeab13a8f9b000000.pdf Commonwealth Government of Australia. (2016). About workplace gender equality. About workplace gender equality. Retrieved from https://www.wgea.gov.au/learn/about-workplace-gender-equality Devillard, S., Sultan, S., Werner, C. (2014, April). Why gender diversity at the top remains a challenge. Why gender diversity at the top remains a challenge. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/why-gender-diversity-at-the-top-remains-a-challenge Eagly, A. (2013). Gender work. Northwestern University. Retrieved from https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/conferences/2013-w50-research-symposium/Documents/eagly.pdf Esfandiari, H., Alwis, R. (2013). Can International Human Rights Norms Secure Womens Rights in the MENA Region? Woodrow Wilson International Center. Retrieved from https://www.50x50movement.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/can_international_human_rights_norms_secure_women_rights_in_mena_region_1.pdf?bcsi_scan_f5761508bdf24bd5=0bcsi_scan_filename=can_international_human_rights_norms_secure_women_rights_in_mena_re European Commission. (2016, February 08). Gender balance in decision-making positions. Gender balance in decision-making positions. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/justice/gender-equality/gender-decision-making/index_en.htm Gregory, R. F. (2003). Women and Workplace Discrimination: Overcoming Barriers to Gender Equality. Rutgers University Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=gUcoZjo39sgCoi=fndpg=PA1dq=Women+and+workplace+discrimination:+Overcoming+barriers+to+gender+equality,+Raymond+F.+Gregory,+2003ots=17erdV1wf6sig=TzhiogvlOjLbGyq-JYnIe48VOVI#v=onepageq=Women%20and%20workp Lombardo, J. (2016). Gender Diversity in the Workplace. Gender Diversity in the Workplace: Definition, Trends Examples. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/gender-diversity-in-the-workplace-definition-trends-examples.html Masri, S. (2015, March 01). Get Your Facts Straight: Women In The MENA Workplace . Get Your Facts Straight: Women In The MENA Workplace . Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/243468 McCullough, D. G. (2014, June 04). When will women achieve gender equality in leadership at work? . When will women achieve gender equality in leadership at work? . Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/women-leadership-companies-equality-jobs Metcalfe, B. (2005, December 12). Exploring cultural dimensions of gender and management in the Middle East. Exploring cultural dimensions of gender and management in the Middle East, 48(1), pp. 93-107. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tie.20087/full Metcalfe, B. D. (2007, January 11). Gender and human resource management in the Middle East. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 54-74 . Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09585190601068292 Mikkola, A. (2005). Role of Gender Equality in Development A Literature Review. University of Helsinki. Retrieved from https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/16660/roleofge.pdf?sequence=1 Moghadam, V. M. (2003). Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle East. Lynne Rienner Publishers. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=hOVjBzQrdxkCoi=fndpg=PR9dq=gender+equality+applied+in+middle+east+workplacesots=3twFpV9_hZsig=gLj527mwVZRoqDTGMwAHdlQuwlg#v=onepageq=gender%20equality%20applied%20in%20middle%20east%20workplacesf=false Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and Practice (7th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc . Retrieved from https://in.sagepub.com/en-in/sas/leadership/book243126 Snaebjornsson, I., Edvardsson, I. (2013). Gender, Nationality and Leadership Style: A Literature Review. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(1), 1-15. Retrieved from https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/viewFile/22134/14949 Tulshyan, R. (2015). The Diversity Advantage: Fixing Gender Inequality In the Workplace. Forbes Media. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MYaoCgAAQBAJprintsec=frontcoverdq=diversity+by+ruchika+tulshyanhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwim3NPZnKXPAhVVImMKHfCjDrsQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepageq=diversity%20by%20ruchika%20tulshyanf=false Underdahl, S., Walker, L., Woehr, D. (2014). Gender and Perceptions of Leadership Effectiveness: A Meta-Analysis of Contextual Moderators. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(6), 11291145. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/apl-a0036751.pdf Yohannes, M. (2014). Women in public life. OECD . Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/mena/governance/women-in-public-life-mena-brochure.pdf.

The Tempest Analysis Discusses Morality and Fairness

'The Tempest' Analysis Discusses Morality and Fairness This analysis reveals that Shakespeare’s presentation of morality and fairness in the play is highly ambiguous and it is not clear where the audience’s sympathies should lay. The Tempest Analysis: Prospero Although Prospero has been treated badly at the hands of the Milan nobility, Shakespeare has made him a difficult character to sympathize with. For example: Prospero’s title in Milan was usurped, yet he did much the same thing to Caliban and Ariel by enslaving them and taking control of their island.Alonso and Antonio cruelly cast Prospero and Miranda out to sea, yet Prospero’s revenge is equally as cruel: he creates a horrific storm which destroys the boat and throws his noble counterparts into the sea. Prospero and Caliban In the story of The Tempest, Prospero’s enslavement and punishment of Caliban is difficult to reconcile with fairness and the extent of Prospero’s control is morally questionable. Caliban had once loved Prospero and showed him everything there was to know about the island, but Prospero’s considers his education of Caliban as more valuable. However, our sympathies firmly lay with Prospero when we learn that Caliban had tried to violate Miranda. Even when he forgives Caliban at the end of the play, he promises to â€Å"take responsibility† for him and continue to be his master. Prospero’s Forgiveness Prospero uses his magic as a form of power and control and gets his own way in every situation. Even though he does ultimately forgive his brother and the king, this could be considered to be a way to reinstate his Dukedom and ensure the marriage of his daughter to Ferdinand, soon to become King. Prospero has secured his safe passage back to Milan, the reinstatement of his title and a powerful connection to royalty through the marriage of his daughter – and managed to present it as an act of forgiveness! Although superficially encouraging us to sympathize with Prospero, Shakespeare questions the idea of fairness in The Tempest. The morality behind Prospero’s actions is highly subjective, despite the happy ending which is conventionally employed to â€Å"right the wrongs† of the play.

Extranet and B2B E

Extranet and B2B E Executive Summary Top Breadz, a Sydney-based industrial bread and pastry manufacturer assigned our team to investigate how Business–to–Business (B2B) e-commerce solutions might benefit the company to reach its goals, namely, to increase sales by the retail outlets, to increase revenues by entering new markets or increasing market share, and to reduce operating costs.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Extranet and B2B E-Commerce for Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In regards to these objectives, our proposed B2B e-commerce solution is the design and implementation of a B2B extranet portal for Top Breadz. The extranet solution includes a secure, easy-to-use order management portal to enable partners, suppliers and buyers manage their dealings with the company more efficiently and less costly and collaborative tools to share customer information with partners. Undertaking the project will benefit Top Breadz by improving its bottom-line efficiency via cutting costs and time of the expenditure and revenue cycles. This not only reduces operating expenditures but also gives the company an edge over its competitors. Having a unified system for all partners also facilitates new market development or market penetration. The risks to be considered by the Top Breadz team studying the solution are the following: Retail partners might not possess the proper or compatible Information Technology (IT) background to gain advantage of Top Breadz’s new system. Taking into account the lack of any legacy systems, and consequently, lack of experience in IT at Top Breadz, implementing a B2B e-commerce platform requires a fundamental shift within the business processes, which might prove to be troublesome and result in early faults. For the same reason, defining the exact scope of the project is unsure since the requirements are not clear in terms of scalability and future development. In itial capital outlay is substantial, especially compared to the cost savings only to be realized on the long-term. The proposed system is perfectly capable of delivering the features that will help Top Breadz reach its goals. We therefore, recommend introducing the new B2B extranet system. Introduction Business to Business (B2B) e-commerce is becoming an increasingly important method of conducting buying and selling processes. One of the prominent lessons that have emerged from company experiences is the recognition of the significant role that extranets play in B2B e-commerce operations. Among other things, this paper provides a discussion on how the use of a B2B e-commerce extranet, which has been proposed for Top Breadz, can improve the company’s performance.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Description and Explanation of the IT Innovation The informatio n technology services required for e-commerce are Internet, intranets, and extranets. An extranet may be defined as a secure network that uses Internet and Web technologies to connect two or more intranets of business partners, thus enabling business to business communications to take place effectively (Kallioranta Vlosky 2004). It allows trusted business partners to have secure access to information assets on another firm’s intranet. For example, Top Breadz may connect its computers with its various suppliers and retailers to ensure successful deliveries. An extranet can be viewed as being part of a series of levels that include the Internet and intranet levels as well (Karra 2006, p. 5). Table 1 provides a comparison of the Internet, intranet and extranet while figure 1 illustrates a typical extranet configuration. Table 1: Comparison of the Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Internet Intranet Extranet Access Public Private Private Information Fragmented Proprietary Shared by close business partners Users Everybody Members of an organization Groups of closely related companies Figure 1: A Typical Extranet Configuration (Karra 2006, p. 5) There are four things that can be said of an extranet. First, an extranet is part of the Web and its operation relies on the infrastructure provided by the Internet. Secondly, an extranet is privately owned. This is unlike the Internet that is not owned by any one. When compared to intranet, an extranet if public as it allows companies to access each other’s information.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Extranet and B2B E-Commerce for Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another major characteristic of an extranet has to do with the fact that it is mostly used to facilitate business to business interactions. By using an extranet, Top Breadz and its partners will be able to exchange information. Lastly, it is critical for any e xtranet to guarantee security and control the way information is accessed and shared (Kallioranta Vlosky 2004). Generally, the use of a Web browser at the front of an extranet makes it less intimidating. Users without a strong foundation in IT are, therefore, saved from worrying about what goes on at the backend. Extranet Design Principles Extranets share the same design principles formulated for the Internet. These principles include the following: Interoperability Interoperability for B2B e-commerce means that companies and customers do not have to purchase and upgrade software from the same vendors. Their computers will be able to communicate over the Internet because of the standard protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Layering The structure of the Internet is layered. While the bottom layers of software are concerned with operating the computer hardware, higher layers come closer to the needs of the person using the Internet. For extranet users, the most relevant layer is the application layer which processes the information required by the Internet user. The different hardware and application layers need to communicate with each other and they do so by using well defined interfaces. The Internet layering standard results in increased reliability of Internet software and is invisible to the Internet user. Simplicity The layering has resulted in simplicity of software design. Each layer is concerned only with its own functionality, making its design simpler. For example, the layer concerned with physical devices like mouse operations are hidden from the higher layers that process information. The kind of simplicity contributes to increased software reliability and hence extranet reliability.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Uniform Naming and Addressing Each Internet host computer has an Internet Protocol (IP) address that uniquely identifies it on the Internet from millions of other computers on the Internet. End to End Protocols The Internet does not process information. It enables the transfer of packets of information between computers. The transmitting or receiving computers, known as the end system, do the actual processing of information. Business Related Benefits of the IT Innovation There are a number of benefits that are associated with the use of an extranet. Among the benefits of an extranet are the following: Coordination An extranet will allow the company to improve the flow of goods, services and information among it customers. The smooth interaction between Top Breadz and its partners will in turn improve efficiency and increase customer loyalty. Feedback An extranet will enable Top Breadz to receive instant feedback from its customers and other business partners. It will give consumers an opportunity to express their views about products or services before they are even introduced into the market. Customer Satisfaction Central to any business is customer satisfaction. When treated well, customers will always return to be served by the company. The use of an effective extranet will allow Top Breadz’s to increase the speed at which goods and services are delivered to the customers. Eventually, the relationship with the customers will therefore be strengthened. Cost Reduction With an efficient extranet in place, Top Breadz will be able to provide information to its partners in a timely manner and will equally receive whatever information it requires from its partners as and when needed. An extranet will also facilitate easy submission of purchase orders to the company by distributors. Top Breadz will also reduce its expenses through speedy delivery of goods as well as services. Expediting Communication Extranets increase the efficiency and effectiveness of co mmunications among business partners by linking intranets for immediate access to information. A traveling sales person can receive the latest product information from his or her hotel room before going to a sales meeting. Similarly, Top Breadz will be able to provide the latest information to a customer regarding its products without making several phone calls and going through different brochures and sales manuals. Specific Issues that May be Associated with Extranets Security is a critical aspect of extranet development, which extends to both the company and its partners. Security issues must be considered through the design, implementation, and management of any extranets applications. Developing a security plan for an extranet application should begin with a risk assessment to identify the potential sources of threat to the network, how likely these threats are to occur, and the investment in security that will be required. The level of security investment will vary depending o n the nature of the extranet application, the threats of intrusion, and the sensitivity of the information shared on the extranet. Among others, extranet security should consider authentication and access control, privacy and data integrity. Access Control Access control provides or denies access to the network and is usually implemented through deployment of a firewall. A firewall alone, however, is not a sufficient security strategy. Providing confidentiality of information while it is in transit over the public Internet can occur through encryption strategies. User authentication can take place in part at the firewall, but it is usually handled by the application service. User control, however, is almost always handled by the application service. Authentication Authentication defines the external population that is permitted to access the extranet. It will ensure that the external interaction with Top Breadz’s extranet is coming from an authorized source. Assigning account names and passwords to extranet users is one of the methods that will be used to implement authentication. The identity of an extranet user will then be confirmed when he or she presents both the account name and password to the host application. A security policy that allows the use of one-time only passwords that expires once a user has been authenticated or encrypting the password before transmission will be a great addition to the strengthening of Top Breadz’s security. Privacy Privacy of communication with the extranet and exchange of data are typically implemented through an encryption technique. Encryption is the process of scrambling data before transmission over the public Internet. Several techniques are available such as public and private key cryptography systems. While encryption is an effective strategy to protect the confidentiality of the information during transmission, it does not prevent inception and alteration or guarantee that the data packets are recei ved intact. Data Integrity Data Integrity provides the assurance that the data transmitted over the public Internet are not modified in any way. For most applications requiring privacy, encryption techniques such as secure sockets layer (SSL) connection will provide sufficient data privacy and integrity. Virtually all Web browsers recognize the SSL protocol, among others, for data encryption. Recommendation and Conclusion In spite of the challenges discussed above, the use of extranets is bound to improve the performance of Top Breadz’s B2B e-commerce services. It is a convenient way of saving costs and has a wide reach. Although the initial capital outlay is substantial, Top Breadz will certainly benefit by implementing the proposed solution. As was explained earlier, there are clear benefits that are linked to the use of extranets for B2B e-commerce. In implementing the solution, however, it will be necessary for Top Breadz to ensure that retail partners possess the requisi te skills to use the proposed system. This may be accomplished by assessing the capacity of these partners and providing training where needed. All the concerned parties must also be sensitized in advance as their involvement in the entire process is critical for a successful implementation. The team investigating the solution should also work closely with their counterparts at Top Breadz to clearly establish the scope of the proposed system. Reference List Kallioranta, SM Vlosky, RP 2004, A Model of Extranet Implementation Success Effects on Business Performance, lfpdc.lsu.edu/publications/working_papers/wp66.pdf. Karra, VK 2006, Using Extranets to Add Value: A B2B Perspective. Web.

Wilson Murder Trial, Huntsville 1992

Wilson Murder Trial, Huntsville 1992 At almost exactly 9:30pm on the evening of May 22, 1992, Huntsville police were notified by the 911 dispatcher of a possible burglary in progress with an injured victim at the scene. The location was Boulder Circle, an affluent neighborhood nestled among the mountains overlooking Huntsville, Alabama. Murder Within minutes of arriving on the scene, police discovered the body of a male, identified as Jack Wilson, lying in the upstairs hallway. He had been brutally murdered, apparently with a baseball bat that was found lying nearby. Homicide detectives began searching every square inch of the house and grounds and a police dog was brought in to sniff out possible evidence the police might overlook. As they began the tedious task of trying to determine what had happened, none of them realized they were about to become involved in the most notorious murder case in Huntsvilles history. The Scene By talking to neighbors and reconstructing the events, the police determined that Wilson had left his office around 4 p.m. He changed clothes and went outside to his front yard where neighbors reported seeing him using a baseball bat to drive a campaign sign in the ground. This was at approximately 4:30 p.m. Apparently, he then took a stepladder from the garage and carried it to the upstairs hallway where he removed a smoke detector from the ceiling. It was later found lying on the bed, disassembled. At this point, police theorized Wilson was surprised by someone who was already in the house. The unknown assailant grabbed the baseball bat and began beating the doctor. After the doctor collapsed to the floor, the assailant stabbed him twice with a knife. Though the crime had originally been reported as a possible burglary, it had none of the typical signs. There were no open drawers, ransacked closets and overturned furniture usual in most burglary cases. The whole case was beginning to look more like an â€Å"inside job.† Suspects The widow, Betty Wilson, was too distraught at the time to be questioned, but later investigation revealed she had lunch with her husband that day around 12 p.m. After he returned to his medical office, she spent much of the day shopping in preparation for a trip they planned for the next morning. Later that evening, after attending an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, she returned home at about 9:30, where she discovered her husband’s body. She went to a neighbors home and they called 911. By using credit card receipts and eyewitnesses, the police were able to verify Betty Wilson’s whereabouts for the whole day, except for one 30-minute period at around 2:30 p.m., and between 5 and 5:30 p.m. Other family members were checked out but they all appeared to have alibis. Break in the Case The first break for the investigators came when the Shelby County Sheriffs Office passed on a tip they had received the week before. A woman had called, concerned about a friend of hers: James White, whom while drunk, had talked about killing a doctor in Huntsville. The whole story was garbled, but what emerged was that White was supposed to be infatuated with a lady by the name of Peggy Lowe, who had recruited him to murder her twin sisters husband in Huntsville. The lady admitted that she doubted the story. â€Å"White liked to talk big when he was drinking and lately he had been drunk almost all the time.† Never the less she decided to pass it on to the police. After the Huntsville Police learned of the tip it took only minutes to establish that Peggy Lowe was Betty Wilson’s twin sister. Investigators decided it was time to pay Mr. White a visit. Follow Up James Dennison White was a 42-year-old Vietnam veteran who had a history of mental disorders and antisocial behavior caused largely by drug and alcohol abuse. He had been in a number of mental institutions as well as serving time in jail. While serving time for selling drugs he escaped and was captured almost a year later in Arkansas, where he was involved in kidnapping a man and his wife. One of his last mental evaluations described him as suffering from delusions and unable to separate fact from fantasy. At first, as White was being questioned by the detectives, he denied everything. Slowly, as the evening and night grew longer he began to contradict himself, spinning a web of half-truths, lies, and fantasies. He denied knowing Peggy Lowe, then admitting it. He denied knowing Betty Wilson, then said he was going to do some work for her. Gradually a pattern emerged. As he would get caught in one contradiction, he would admit it but deny everything else. The detectives were used to this type of behavior though- almost every criminal they interrogated did the same thing. They understood from experience that it was going to be a long drawn out process in getting White to tell the truth. The Truth Finally, just as the sun was peeking over the horizon, White broke down. Though it would take another several months, and numerous different confessions to get him to tell the whole story, he basically confessed to being hired by Peggy Lowe and Betty Wilson to kill Dr. Jack Wilson. He claimed to have met Peggy Lowe at the elementary school where she worked and where he had done some carpentry work. After he did some work at her house, according to White, Mrs. Lowe became infatuated with him and spent hours talking to him on the phone. Gradually she began to talk about her husband and hint that she would like to see him killed. A short time later, though, she dropped the subject of her husband and began talking about her sister who wanted to hire a â€Å"hit† man. White pretended to play along, saying he knew someone who would do it for $20,000. Mrs. Lowe told him that was too expensive; her sister was almost broke. Finally, they agreed on a price of $5,000 of which Mrs. Lowe gave him half, in small bills, in a plastic bag. Gradually, as his story evolved, it included phone calls between him and the sisters, the twins giving him a gun, a trip to Guntersville to pick up expense money inside a library book and meeting Mrs. Wilson in Huntsville to get more expense money. On the day of the murder, he claimed Mrs. Wilson met him in the parking lot of a nearby shopping center and drove him to her home where he waited for two hours until Dr. Wilson arrived home. He was not armed at the time. He stated later that he had not liked guns ever since Vietnam. Instead, he carried a long rope. White said that although he remembered struggling with Wilson over the baseball bat, he did not remember killing the doctor. After the murder, Mrs. Wilson returned to the house, picked him up and drove him back to his truck at the shopping center. He then drove back to Vincent and went out drinking that night with his brother. To prove his story he led the police to his home where a gun was found that was registered to Mrs. Wils on and a book from the Huntsville Public Library. White was unsure about dates, times and specific events but the detectives expected that. It would take time to sort the whole story out but in the meantime where was enough evidence to arrest the twin sisters. A source close to the case described White after he was brought back to Huntsville, as being in â€Å"physical agony, almost climbing the walls and begging to be given his medicine.† The medicine, supposedly Lithium, was withheld because it was in a different bottle than what it came in and White did not have a prescription for it. Arrest The news of Betty Wilson’s arrest for the murder of her husband exploded like a bombshell in Huntsville. Not only was she a well-known socialite, but her husband’s estate was rumored to be worth almost six million dollars. Adding fuel to the flames was the report that she had helped host a fundraiser for a popular political figure the night before the murder. Huntsville is a small town, especially during political seasons, where rumors and gossip can be passed around so quickly that the daily newspaper is already dated when it hits the streets. By piercing the juicy tidbits of gossip together a portrait of a cold-blooded murderess began to take shape. She was rumored to have always been a â€Å"gold digger† and has been heard cursing her husband. Most of the talk, however, centered on her alleged numerous sexual encounters. When the news media caught up with the story they pursued it with a vengeance. Reporters seemed to be competing against one another to see who could come up with the juiciest story. Newspapers, magazines and television shows from all across the country began following the story the whole affair also took on political overtones as members of the D.A.’s office and the sheriff’s office began leaking information to the press and trying to use the case for political advantage. The case became even more political when the D.A. agreed to a controversial plea bargain for White, which would give him life, with parole possible in 7 years, in exchange for helping convict the sisters. Pundits later claimed the plea bargain spelled the end of the D.A.s political career. Murder Charge At the hearing, the prosecution successfully argued that because Betty Wilson was a beneficiary to her husbands will and the fact she had sexual affair was enough to prove the motive. A tape-recorded confession of James White provided the evidence. After a brief hearing, both sisters were ordered to stand trial for murder. Peggy Lowe was granted bond and released after her neighbors in Vincent put their homes up for security. Betty Wilson was denied bond and remained in the Madison County jail until her trial. A short time later family members of Dr. Wilson filed suit to deny Betty Wilson access to his estate. Despite the posturing going on from all sides, many legal analysts began to doubt if the prosecution really had enough to build a case on. There was no one who ever saw James White and Betty Wilson together at any time and there was no physical evidence linking White to the crime scene. Also, a major headache for both sides was Whites constantly changing stories. He would describe events one day and have a completely different version the following week. New Information Perhaps James White was sitting in his cell thinking about the same thing because suddenly he recalled a fact that he had not remembered before. He had changed clothes in the house and placed them in a plastic bag, along with the rope and knife, and hid them under a rock a few feet from the swimming pool. The bag was supposed to be the same one he received the money from Mrs. Lowe in. Officials later explained the clothes not being found during the initial search by saying the police dog had an allergy. Although the clothes and bag were found exactly where White said they would be, the forensic people were never able to establish if they had been bloodstained, or if they actually belonged to White. The clothes were to become one of the biggest mysteries of the case. No one seriously believed the clothes had been missed during the initial search. Privately, even members of the Huntsville Police expressed skepticism. Many people believed that White had gotten someone to place the clothes there in an attempt to bolster his credibility and escape the electric chair. By this time the case of the Evil Twins had captured national attention. The Wall Street Journal, the Washington Times and People Magazine ran lengthy articles and television tabloid shows such as Hard Copy and Inside Edition ran features stories. When two national television networks expressed an interest in making a movie, agents descended on Huntsville buying the movie rights from most of the people involved. Trial As summer wore on, even the most impartial observers began to take sides. Never in the history of Huntsville had a case generated so much controversy and news coverage. Because of the publicity, the judge ordered the trial moved to Tuscaloosa. When the trial finally began, the case boiled down to one simple question. Who was telling the truth? The prosecution argues it was a murder for hire. The defense claimed the fact that White did not carry a weapon with him made the story unbelievable.The prosecution argued Whites testimony was credible. The defense argued he had changed his confessions so many times it was unbelievable and he had fitted his testimony to fit the prosecutions case in order to escape a possible death sentence.The prosecution argued Whites testimony was collaborated by records of phone calls and the library. The defense argued there was another explanation.The prosecution argued the gun was given to White by Betty Wilson and Peggy Lowe. The defense claimed he stole the gun and offered the fact that the empty box the gun came in, along with shells, was found in the home afterward.The prosecution offered a witness who claimed to have seen James White and Betty Wilson near the murder scene within thirty minutes of one another. The defense argued the witness was not credible because she had been unable to pi ck White out of a lineup. The prosecution claimed the timeline proved their case. The defense argued the timeline did not fit.The prosecution offered a witness who claimed Mrs. Wilson had talked about wanting to kill her husband. The defense argued the story was not credible because it had happened almost 6 years earlier and the woman had continued to be friends with Mrs. Wilson.The defense offered a witness who stated she had received a message from Dr. Wilson on her answering machine after the alleged time of death. The prosecution argued the call could have been made earlier. Regardless of the hard evidence, everyone agreed that a central theme of the prosecution’s case was to paint Betty Wilson as a cold and immoral woman who wanted her husband dead. To prove this the prosecution paraded a stream of witnesses who testified about hearing her curse and belittle her husband. Other witnesses testified to having knowledge of Mrs. Wilson taking men to her home for sexual liaisons. Perhaps the most dramatic part of the trial came when a black former city employee took the stand and told of having relations with Mrs. Wilson. Although the prosecution denied playing the racism card, observers of the trial all agreed it had the same effect. The case went to the jury at 12:28 on Tuesday, March 2, 1993. After deliberating the rest of the day and much of the following day the jury returned with a guilty verdict. Jurors later revealed that the deciding factor in their decision was the telephone records. Betty Wilson was sentenced to life imprisonment, without parole. Aftermath Six months later, Peggy Lowe stood trial for her alleged part in the murder for hire. Much of the evidence was almost a repeat of her sister’s trial, with the same witnesses and the same testimony. New to the case, however, was testimony by expert witnesses who stated that two people may have been involved in the murder. Citing the lack of blood splatters on the walls, the experts theorized the murder probably occurred some other place than the hallway and was caused by something other than a baseball bat. For the defense, the most crucial moment probably occurred when White testified that Betty Wilson picked him up at the murder scene between 6 and 6:30 p.m. on the day in question. This was an hour later than he had previously testified. If the jurors believed White’s story, it would have been impossible for Mrs. Wilson to have participated. The biggest difference in the trials, however, were the people being tried. While Mrs. Wilson seemed to be the reincarnate of everything evil, her sister portrayed the image of a virtuous and compassionate church-going woman who was constantly helping people less fortunate. Though it had been difficult to get people to testify in Betty Wilson’s behalf, Mrs. Lowe’s jurors heard a steady parade of witnesses extolling her virtues. The jury deliberated for only two hours and eleven minutes before finding Peggy Lowe not guilty. The jurors cited James White’s lack of credibility as the major factor. The prosecutor explained the verdict by saying he was â€Å"fighting God.† Although Peggy Lowe can never be tried again, the fact remains that it is impossible for one sister to be innocent and the other guilty. Betty Wilson is serving life without parole at the Julia Tutwiler prison in Wetumpka, Alabama. She works in the sewing department and spends her free time writing her supporters. Her case is being appealed. James White is serving a life sentence at an institution in Springville, Alabama, where he is attending trade school and receiving counseling for drug and alcohol abuse. In 1994, he recanted his story of the twins’ involvement but later took the Fifth Amendment when questioned about it in court. He will be eligible for parole in the year 2000.

Human - Interpretation, compare and contrast, fossil record, hominin Essay

Human - Interpretation, compare and contrast, fossil record, hominin lineage - Essay Example To begin with, the most distinct trait is the verbal communication in humans compared to the growls, screams and hoots. Humans have the ability of passing ideas and information through various means ranging from the verbal communication, facial expressions, and hand gestures and, of late, the writing means. Clear speech has uniquely distinguished them from the chimpanzees where this is controlled by the cerebral cortex in their brains unlike the chimps that lack these functional organs. Humans are believed to have muscular tongue that enables them speak clearly and well compared to the weak chimpanzees’ tongues. Second point is their body covering where the human beings have short and relatively sparsely distributed throughout their bodies but varying from one human being to another by race, their sex, place and, most importantly, the genes. As compared to humans, chimpanzees have short covering all over their all body parts except their faces and palms with no variance from o ne to another unlike the humans. This factor has uniquely defined humans from the chimpanzees where they have had the manufacture of clothes to prevent them from many factors like cold and rain. Humans’ brain size has uniquely identified them from the chimpanzees’ characterized by the human beings having the larger one than the latter’s. Chimps have 370ml of the brain size compared to the 1350ml in average for the human beings. Human’s larger brain size is actually an important indicator of their intelligence shown by the recent innovation in scientific and technology development. Over the years, human has made numerous scientific developments characterized by the use of complex machine which would rather be difficult for their closest relative, the chimps, to have. This includes aspects like use of computers, where almost every life aspect is now controlled by the computer technology. Improved transport has also been seen where humans' intelligence has b rought out complex transport means such as ships, aero planes and electric trains; the chimpanzees can't in any way develop them. Human diet also distinguishes them; both the chimpanzees and the human beings are omnivorous though the humans are more of carnivorous than their closest relative. Chimpanzees throughout their lives occasionally depend on other mammals’ flesh they get through hunting but restrict themselves mostly to fruits and sometimes insects. Opposite to this, humans do feed on the cooked flesh and plants rather than the raw food eaten by the chimps. Posture and locomotion have also defined human differently from their closest relative the chimpanzees. Though both humans and the chimpanzees are considered to portray the bipedalism factor, the distance and time through which this happens define the whole trait. Humans walk throughout their entire lives and perform their daily chores since infancy in two feet unlike the chimpanzees who locomote using their four l imbs but can walk and often stand with two feet. This is because humans have bowl-shaped pelvises that provide support to their internal body organs. Chimpanzees do lean forward during their locomotion making them walk using four legs. Chimpanzees, unlike the human beings, have large toes making them stronger than their fore limbs, therefore, using them for crawling, climbing and easy rotating when climbing the trees. This has

Psychobiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Psychobiology - Essay Example Many researchers use both these terms interchangeably. Bio psychologists use empirical experiments to study changes in the nervous system activation in response to a stimulus. There are various techniques/ methods used to measure this activation (Abraham, F. D, 1992): The main essence of this approach is to emphasize on the assessment of person. Although mind is contingent on the brain, the central therapeutic concern should be the life story of the individual patient interacting with others in the context of society and culture (Adler, N. E, Matthews, K. A, 1994) In this theory the rather vibrant nature of psychiatric infirmity is more highlighted, and is considered that was opposed to the idea that a hypothetical underlying lesion should be postulated just because mental disorders may seem unintelligible (CYNTHIA SCHUPAK, 2000). According to this assumption there is an absolute differentiation between normality and mental illness. As an alternative the relative nature of the range between mental illness and normality is emphasised. Psychosocial factors dominate in the understanding of the functions mental illness. For example schizophrenia is explained as a mal-adaptation that could be understood in terms of the patient's life experiences (Meyer 1906). A difficulty in explaining a mental illness in the psychological context does not necessarily means a brain abnormality. (iv) The mechanisms by which mental illness emerges in an individual are psychologically mediated Mental illness is not a single word analysis. The main emphasis is on a detailed human action analysis rather than a reductive analysis of physical cause (Bonnes, M Gianfranco, 1995). Advantages of Human Behaviour On Genetic Constitution Migration from traditional lifestyles and environments to more sedentary lifestyles and calorie-dense environments has, therefore, been posited to increase the likelihood of obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and

A discussion of equality and diversity issues in a teaching situation-CTLLS Essay Example for Free

A discussion of equality and diversity issues in a teaching situation-CTLLS Essay 5. A discussion of equality and diversity issues relevant to the candidates teaching/training situation. Equality is ensuring individuals or groups of individuals are treated fairly and equally and no less favourably than others. Equality is about the rights of the learners to attend and participate regardless of age, sex, race, gender reassignment, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation, marriage/civil partnership and pregnancy /maternity. Diversity is about recognising and being tolerant of different views which individual people have, in terms of cultural backgrounds and different lifestyle choices relating to any characteristics they may have. A diverse society is what we have as every individual has a different culture, belief and life experience to the next. Inclusion is about including all the learners in ‘relevant activities rather than excluding them for any reason either directly or indirectly’ (Gravells 2008). ‘Every learner has the right to expect that they will receive high quality learning appropriate to their needs and circumstances ion a safe and healthy environment.’ (Success for all: DfES 2002). Inclusive teaching and learning is possible when promoted. In order to achieve this I combine both the training cycle and the learning styles from Kolb and Fry. These include using Concrete experience, Abstract Conceptualisation, Active Experimentation and Observation and Reflection. Learners the mixing up of which produces the learning styles that best suits a learner, ie; Converger, Diverger, Assimilator and Accommodator. By ensuring the lessons accommodate all learning styles all learners will feel inclusion. Along with the learning styles I would include relevant resource materials . If a learner requires more intervention then I may need to include the following; additional classroom support, adapted or specific resources, peer support, varied presentation, content selection, reducing or increasing time for activities Along with my mentor Geri walker I have written the 5 day induction programme for new starters within the organisation. This includes lectures in subject matter using power point presentation and notes (abstract conceptualisation), Direct discrimination occurs when you treat someone unfairly due to at least the nine characteristics discussed. Indirect discrimination occurs when a working condition, environment or rule disadvantages one group of people or person more than another. As a teacher it is important that to give equal support, you must not discriminate and  must not show favouritism in any way. A teacher should not impose views and opinions on the learners. It is necessary to ensure that the learners show dignity and respect to others in the learning environment. A teacher must recognise that each learner is different and accommodate for those differences wherever possible in the classroom. You should demonstrate your commitment to equal opportunities through everything you say and do in your work with adult students.† (Daines, Daines and Graham, 1993). Geoff Petty states that: Differentiation is an approach to teaching that attempts to ensure that all students learn well, despite their many differences. Catch phrases which go some way to capturing this concept include: ‘Coping with differences’. ‘Learning for all’ or ‘Success for all’ People began to realise it was not just ability that could be â€Å"mixed’’ and that teachers had to cope with differences: learning style, age, motivation, prior learning and experience, gender, specific learning difficulties such as dyslexia, and so on. Consequently the term ‘mixed ability’ began to be replaced by the less vivid term: ‘differentiation’. It is important to work in partnership with the learner, get to know them, so that you can assess their ‘minimum core’ and what their learning needs are. If a learner knows what is expected from them and you tell them what to expect from you , successful learning can be achieved . This may be achieved by recognising the needs of a particular person or group of people. The learners within the sessions I teach include people with; learning difficulties, hearing impairments, those whose first language is not English, or those people who may require additional support with literacy, language, numeracy and ICT skills. The learners I teach come from different social and cultural backgrounds and during teaching I have had to respect the following and accommodate, prayer times, Ramadan and different beliefs to mine without impacting on others. I need to plan my sessions to enable all learners to take part and achieve their individual learning aims, taking into account how I communicate with learner (e.g. using appropriate vocabulary and terminology no abbreviations and jargon, my comments are not discriminatory or offensive or that my body language is appropriate. I need  to check that the resources used are non- discriminatory or stereotypical, suitable for the learners needs so that all the learners can participate. Teaching methods need to be varied and support all learning styles. The learning environment needs to promote inclusion ,e.g. for people with disabilities. The Kennedy Report (1997) stressed the importance of making learning accessible to all learners , focussing on people who may be disadvantaged due to social, economic or educational background. These create barriers to learning that may prevent adults from continuing developing their education e.g.lack of information, childcare support, basic skills and costs involved to study. References Daines, JW et al (2006) Adult Learning, Adult Teaching, 4th ed, Cardiff: Welsh Academic Press DfES (2002b) Success for All. London: HMSO Gravells, A, (2008).preparing to teach in the lifelong learning sector.3rd ed. exeter: learning matters Petty, G, (2004) Teaching Today: A practical guide,3rd ed. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes Reisenberger A Dadzie S (2002), Equality and diversity in adult and community learning – a guide for managers, Niacehttp://www.excellencegateway.org.uk/pdf/A1181.pdf Smith, M. K. (2001). David A. Kolb on experiential learning, the encyclopedia of informal education. Retrieved 17/3/13 from http://www.infed.org/b-explrn.htm.

My Plans for Nursing Essay -- Career Planning Nursing

If you are trying to pursue a career in nursing you should do your research on this field. I have learned so much about what it takes to pursue a career in nursing and that there is so much more to it than just choosing what kind of nurse you want to become, to find out all about nursing you have do all the research possible. There are many roles that a nurse has such as a caregiver, educator, advocate and many more. The practice level of nursing is very broad also, there are plenty of degrees that you can get as a nurse, along with the specialty areas of practice I want to become a pediatric nurse which would be a specialty area. The practice settings of nurses vary from a hospital, community, outpatient, or school there is an endless amount of them. A nurse has many responsibilities and roles to their patients that they have. A nurse is a caregiver to their patients they are responsible for meeting the physical and emotional needs of the patient, they are to be able to identify, prevent or treat an illness or disability. A nurse could also be an educator, they could teach a class of future nurses, they also educate by helping other workers with things they do not know or need help with. â€Å"A Masters degree is usually needed to teach in a school of nursing, however, if you would like to teach in a school of nursing, you must have baccalaureate in nursing. Nurses with a baccalaureate usually teach under the supervision of an experienced teacher with a master's or doctorate. In some states, it is possible to teach with a master's in a related discipline but the majority of nursing schools require a master's in nursing.† (Being a Nurse Educator) Nurses must also be able to speak for their patients when needed. For example If a nurse ... ...e Programs From Top Colleges | DegreeFinders.com. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. . Keefe,Sandy. "Flight Nurse Job Description | EHow.com." EHow | How To Do Just About Everything! | How To Videos & Articles. EHow. Web. 26 Nov. 2010. . "Nurses For A Healthier Tomorrow." Nurses for a Healthier Tomorrow. American Nurses Association. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. . Ullman, Melanie. "Exploring a Variety of Nurse Practice Settings." EzineArticles Submission - Submit Your Best Quality Original Articles For Massive Exposure, Ezine Publishers Get 25 Free Article Reprints. 12 Aug. 2009. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. .

Marriage customs

IntroductionThe issue of arrange vs. love marriage in the modern American society may be viewed as unimportant. As long as arrange marriage is considered to be the custom of the old days, it is immediately rejected as unacceptable in the free social norms, in which we live. However, social diversity should not be neglected, and we cannot deny the fact, that differences in marriage customs do exist. Not only national traditions differ; the fact that arranged marriages still occupy significant place in many communities, cannot be denied.Positive attitudes towards arrange marriages may seem surprising, especially for a young woman who has never known any other man except her husband, and whose marriage was arranged. Ruth (Breen, 1998) speaks about her arrange marriage as the event, which has not made her life deficient. She relates to the fact that her marriage was arranged, but as a result, her family appeared to serve an effective societal unit.The situation, that her husband has not known any other woman, is viewed by Ruth as the greatest advantage; moreover, she states, that they have fallen in love with each other in exactly five weeks after their marriage (Breen, 1998). Simultaneously, she does not make the fact of her arrange marriage open to the public, due to traditional societal misunderstanding. Does it mean, that arrange marriage tradition has a chance to survive in our ‘free to choose’ society?It is yet unknown, whether arrange marriages are as positive as Ruth assumes. The fact, that 30 out of her 32 classmates’ marriages have been arranged and seem to be happy, does not mean that this happiness is sincere. Another example of Neet (Prasad, 2007) should be reviewed to make this evaluation objective. Objectively, there is not a single notion in our life, which can be absolutely positive or negative. The same approach can be used towards the issue of marriage traditions.For Neet matchmaking has failed; she has appeared absolutely unp repared to this process, and especially to its outcomes. The rejection which Neet has faced at the very beginning of her search (Prasad, 2007) risks resulting in absolutely negative attitudes to matchmaking as a process. Moreover, it is very probable that Neet let the process of her love and marriage flow naturally, until she meets her future husband.The differences in national traditions create some grounds for researching arrange and love marriages. Speaking about marriage traditions in Southern Korea and America, the difference seems dramatic, and sometimes unacceptable. Marriage in South Korea has historically included six difficult stages, with all of them relating to arrange marriage (Korean Overseas Information Service, 2003). This number has presently been reduced to four stages (Korean Overseas Information Service, 2003).The process of arrange marriage starts with negotiations (Uihon). The three other stages include the wedding proposal, which always appears in the form of letter from the groom’s family, the blessing, and the announcement of the wedding to both families. Finally, the wedding itself takes place (Korean Overseas Information Service, 2003).A natural question is why a highly developed Korean society still exercises the marriage customs, which are not accepted by the majority of the international society. The answer is simple: marriage in Korea is viewed not as the unit of love, but as the means for two different families to merge (Browning, 2006). Browning (2006) tells the story of Nye, who was married by her parents, and though she didn’t admire her marriage, she clearly understood its social meaning for both her family and the family of her husband.Browning (2006) refers to this story as the example, when social traditions overweight personal attitudes. Such sacrifice can hardly be found in contemporary America. Koreans strictly view their generation lineages, and the Korean population exercises very thorough approaches to wards marriage issues. However, modern tendencies have caused certain impact onto the marriage traditions in South Korea. First of all, love marriages are acquiring more popularity in the Korean society; secondly, the use of matchmakers is becoming a usual form of getting married (Korean Overseas Information Service, 2003).Importantly, arrange marriage is not viewed as a historical disadvantage: the progressive character of the Korean society is in no way diminished through the fact, that Koreans exercise the traditions of arrange marriage. (Browning, 2006)As a result, arrange marriage may be viewed as the integral part of any modern society (community). In distinction from traditional negative attitudes, arrange marriage does not prevent society from effective development.Marriage traditions in America do not have any strict boundaries, as in case with South Korea. Moreover, it is difficult to describe, what traditions are pursued by Americans in marriage, due to the large number o f cultural blends in this open society. America accepts the wide variety of marriage traditions, depending on the origin of both the bride and the groom. It is still unclear whether this approach works for the benefit of the American families.On the one hand, Americans are free to choose their matches; on the other hand, the number of divorces in America is much higher, than in South Korea (Browning, 2006). Does it mean, that arrange marriages improve the overall social structure of any society? The answer may be positive or negative. It will be too narrow to state, that love marriage, as accepted in America, is absolutely better than arrange marriage, traditional in South Korea.Each of the two discussed traditions has its advantages. Ruth (Breen, 1998) refers to the aspect of choice through her own simple logic: as long as the potential bride strives for finding the best match, in arrange marriage the choice is already made by parents. As a result, Ruth does not see any significant difference between the two traditions (Breen, 1998). However, her evaluation is rather limited; the fact of her marriage being happy does not imply the same situation in other arrange marriages. Simultaneously, the opportunity to choose a match does not presuppose the 100% guaranteed positive marriage outcome.ConclusionAs any other traditions executed by specific community marriage traditions should be respected. The specific character of marriage traditions is in the fact, that following them does not determine family happiness. It is impossible to define, which of the two marriage traditions is more acceptable, more positive or more beneficial. Both types of marriage approaches carry serious historical, social and cultural implications.Arrange marriage is not as imposing, as traditionally assumed, and it still presupposes a certain extent of freedom for the bride in expressing her opinion. The number of re-marriages in the Korean society is constantly growing (Korean Overseas Inf ormation service, 2003); it is possible to predict, that the choice opportunities in arrange marriages will only increase.ReferencesBreen. R. (1998). Choosing a mate. In H.Kepler, Crossing cultures: Readings forcomposition, (pp. 113-115), Allyn & Bacon.Browning, D.S. (2006). American religions and the family: How faith traditions cope withmodernization and democracy. Columbia University Press.Korean Overseas Information Service. (2003). Guide to Korean cultural heritage. NewJersey: Hollym International.Prasad, C. (2007). Passage from India. New York Times, January 14, 74.

Debate over the Strength of Central Government Essay

The period of 1783-1800 was shaped by the debate between those who supported a strong central government and those who wanted more power given to the states. This period dealt with issues surrounding the formations of factions that threatened to split the young nation, the inclusion of a Bill of Rights, and the constitutionality of a national bank. Factions divided the people into those who supported a strong central government and those who wanted more power given to the states. These two groups had differing viewpoints, which influenced decisions regarding the addition of a Bill of Rights and the formation of a national bank. The two major factions that almost disrupted the developing nation were formulated at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. At this convention, delegates representing all states expect Rhode Island formed a new type of government with the creation of the Constitution. In the ratification process America was divided in two, the federalists and anti-federalists. Federalists were in favor of a strong central government and hence supporting the new Constitution, while anti-federalists were in favor of giving the states a greater amount of power, thus opposing it. The opposition to the Constitution spreads from a mistrust of central government due to the grievances of English monarchy. The rights obtained by the central government took away states’ rights as seen in Sections VIII and X of the Constitution of the United States of American (Document 5). Most people who lived in cities, manufacturers, and northern merchants supported federalist views and most small farmers, southerners and frontiersmen sided with the anti-federalist views. Key federalists included Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, John Marshall, John Jay, and James Madison. In order to promote ratification Hamilton, Jay, and Madison published a series of Federalist Papers, (Document 8). On the anti-federalist side, important figures included Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, Aaron Burr, Richard Henry Lee, and Patrick Henry. These men were in favor of the Article of Confederation, which greatly limited the powers of the central government and maximized the powers of state rights. One major flaw that the anti-federalist expressed concerning the Constitution was the lack of a Bill of Rights. A Bill of Rights would secure the rights of the people and prevent the central government from becoming too powerful. The federalists argued that the system of checks and balances would prevent tyranny. However, when many states ratified the Constitution they attached a list of amendments to be added in a Bill of Rights. James Madison compiled these amendments and presented twelve of them to Congress. Ten were passed and added to the Constitution resulting in the American Bill of Rights. One of the most significant amendments is the tenth amendment, which states â€Å"All powers not delegated to the federal government belong to the states or to the people,† (Document 6). This declared that whatever was not restricted or allowed in the Constitution was a right retained by the people or states. The most heated debate amongst federalists and anti-federalist was over the constitutionality of a national bank. Anti-federalists believed the central government did not have the authority to create a national bank, while the federalists believed it was stated in the elastic clause of the Constitution. The United States Constitution was written in a vague terminology by the Founding Fathers, which added to the contention amongst Americans. Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, proposed a national bank to â€Å"wish the most proper and speedy measures may be taken, to discharge both foreign and domestic debt,† (Document 7). The anti-federalists, in particular Thomas Jefferson, who favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution, rejected this notion and claimed it was unconstitutional because it was not a power directly stated in the document. However, Hamilton argued that the â€Å"elastic clause† as seen in Article I Section VIII, the powers of congress (Document 5), allowed the central government to establish a bank because it was necessary and proper and constitutional, (Document 1). Hamilton, along with the other federalists, favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution. The debate of having a national bank was resolved by giving the national bank a twenty year charter to test it out. This debacle leads to further issues on the topic of government rights versus state rights, and almost leads to the destruction of the country. When the Constitution was in its ratification process the small states sided with federalists in wanting a stronger central government, while larger states sided with anti-federalists in wanting more state rights. This was seen in two important proposals to the Constitutional convention surrounding the executive branch. First, the New Jersey Plan or the small states plans, wanted one house that has equal representation, with one vote per state. This would make small states more powerful and have the same say in the government as the larger states did. Second, was the Virginia Plan or the large states plan (Document 4), was to have a bicameral legislative, with one house with representation based on population, and the other elected through that house. This gave more power to the states, the larger states gaining a clear advantage as well. These two plans clearly portrayed the different ideas of federalists and anti-federalist and demonstrated how vital a role states played throughout this period. This dispute was settled with the great compromise, proposed by Roger Sherman, making a bicameral legislature with the Senate with equal representation for each state and the House of Representatives based on population and direct election. The debate between those who supported a strong central government and those who wanted more state rights truly shaped the period between 1783 and 1800. It dealt with the creation of two factions that could have potentially destroyed the emerging nation and the debates over a Bill of Rights and a national bank. If it were not for the ideas, factions, and development that occurred during the making of the Constitution and the continued building of our nation after, the government of America would not have been as successful as it is today. The Idea that were fought over from 1783 to 1800 has shaped our country and allowed us to be the great nation that we are.

English Media Study of I am Legend.

English Media Study of I am Legend. Free Online Research Papers How effectively does the Director of â€Å"I Am Legend† build suspense and tension? ‘I Am Legend’ is a post-apocalyptic science fiction film directed by Francis Lawrence, starring Will Smith. It was originally a novel by Richard Matheson written in 1954 which was then created as a film in 2006. ‘I Am Legend’ is about Robert Neville (played by Will Smith) who is a virologist living in Manhattan, New York and is supposedly the last man alive. This came about by doctors thinking they had found a cure for cancer but instead it turned the rest of the population into ‘Hemocytes’. The ‘Hemocytes’ are continually watching Roberts moves, waiting for him to make a deadly mistake, as Robert is trying to capture them to use them to find a cure. This is an example of the common film theme ‘hunter or hunted?’ as Robert is trying to hunt them as he wants to cure them, but they’re also hunting him because they don’t want to be cured. The techniques used in ‘I Am Legend’ show how effectively Francis Lawrence creates tension and suspense. He uses techniques like different camera angles, sound, lighting and cinematography to affect the overall mood of the film and to manipulate the audience’s feelings. In this film, Francis Lawrence has done an excellent job in using these techniques to their full effect. 1) USE OF CAMERA ANGLES IN THE PRE-TITLE SCENE TO CREATE TENSION AND SUSPENSE. Camera angles are used throughout the pre-title scene to create tension and suspense.The director in the pre-title scene uses camera angles to show the set. Francis Lawrence uses a wide range of camera angles throughout the film, but in the first minute of the pre-title scene he uses lots of different angles that show the whole set, Manhattan. The pre-title scene starts with an establishing shot of New York City. It shows a lifeless, rundown New York, which creates questions in the audience’s mind. It then shows a low angle shot of Times Square, showing similar things to the first shot of a city which has been neglected and completely deserted of all human life. This is strange for the audience as Times Square is a famous land mark and would normally be crowded and busy with people and cars. He then goes on to show a bird’s eye view of an avenue with sky scrapers, but it is silent again, except from the sound of birds in the distance. After a few seconds, a sports car a ppears and speeds down a main street. This angle gives a deserted feeling to the audience again as there is only one car, instead of a crowded avenue .The camera angle is then changed to a close- up, focusing on a gun, then Robert Neville picking it up inside the car. This is done to show the character Robert Neville’s watching facial expression. The camera also shows a close up angle of Sam, Robert’s dog. These two short camera shots introduce the main characters. It also shows their relationship, as Robert opens the window for Sam, showing Robert cares for Sam’s needs. Even though later on in the film there are signs of the theme of savage human behavior, there is a still shot in the pre-title scene where Robert does not shoot the female lion as she and her family deserve the deer’s meat more. Even though he is still not sure about his decision, he still lowers his gun and gives way. USE OF PROPS AND MISE- EN- SCENE IN THE PRE-TITLE SCENE TO BUILD UP TENSION AND SUSPENSE Francis Lawrence uses props and mise- en- scene skillfully to create atmosphere and tension.Throughout the pre-title scene there are posters saying â€Å"God still loves us† This is a long shot foreshadowing that at the end there are still some people who survive and make it to the fenced off settlement to try and bring back life all over earth. There are also military tanks, meaning something serious and dangerous must have happened giving the audience a clue, but also making them question again and again. There are abandoned police cars representing the lack of law in the city and when Robert drives through red lights and onto pavements this informs this even more. The appearance of the deer jumping in front of the car is another question the audience would be asking themselves. Why Robert is hunting deer? It also causes suspense as the audience is uncertain about the actions coming after. USE OF SOUND IN PRE-TITLE SCENE TO BUILD UP SUSPENSE AND TENSION Looking back at the pre-title scene again and concentrating now the use of sound, you can see the effectiveness of the sound effects. The use of silence, or at points, the sound of birds whistling in the background created an absence of sound. The result of this is causing the audience to question more. The silence is then broken by the roar of a car engine, then the appearance of the car. This would seem to the audience as weird to be able just hear the sound of one single car in New York City. The first words spoken are, â€Å"What do you see, what do you see?† He speaks with anxiety and eagerness. This brings up the theme â€Å"hunter or hunted?† as the audience is not sure at this point if he is going to use the gun to protect him or to hunt with. This creates anxiety and uncertainty in the audience building up suspense and tension. When the deer squeals, it shows the contrast of technology and nature, technology being the sound of the car engine and nature being t he deer’s squeal. The sounds at the end of the pre-title scene have been diegetic but when the title appears on the screen there is a non-diegetic sound which is dark and builds tension as it uses low notes. 2) USE OF CAMERA ANGLES IN THE FLASH-BACK SCENE TO CREATE TENSION AND SUSPENSE The narrative structure of â€Å"I Am Legend† is presented in a non-chronological order, switching from the past to the present and vice- versa. This is because there are several flash backs that the character Robert faces during the film. The first flash back is one of the most important; as it gives the audience a lot of clues but still leaves them uncertain. It also tells us about his family and how his wife isn’t happy about him staying on the island. The argument in the car is stopped by a body hitting the car then the passengers screaming then the next scene going back to the present day. The cars that pull up outside the Roberts’ house in the flash back, and the military members who are also standing outside the house holding walkie-talkies which shows that the situation happening is very important and possibly dangerous. The talk from the president also shows the importance and urgency of the situation. As this scene is shown in a rushed fashion, it again builds up tension and suspense. This is because the audience is feeling anticipation and uncertainty. The camera angles used in the flashback are almost all close-ups or over the shoulder shots. These are used to show the facial expressions up close, as they are truly important in this scene to portray the characters’ emotion. They also draw the audience in t o identify with the hero. USE OF SOUND IN THE FIRST FLASH BACK SCENE TO BUILD UP SUSPENSE AND TENSION Sound is used throughout this scene to build atmosphere and tension. The sounds used in the first flash back are basic and only includes diegetic sounds like the sound of sirens outside of the car and when they approach the house. The only other sounds you hear are dialogue. The director, Francis Lawrence has done this as the conversation between Robert and his wife is important for the audience to figure out what is happening. So we need to focus on the conversation and not be distracted by mood music as it is a important part of the film. Francis Lawrence only uses quiet sounds in the back ground and outside the car to add atmosphere. During the car journey in the flash back, Robert and his wife show irritation towards Carly (Robert Neville’s daughter) and tell her to be quiet while they listen to the radio. They are acting in this manner because they are frightened and scared, so are intent on hearing what the president has to say. This factor, that the characters are frigh tened, causes the audience to be uncertain, building tension and suspense. The innocence of Carly is very obvious as she is questioning everything but stops when told too. She also talks about it being Christmas and her presents having been left in the closet, showing she has very little on her mind that she worries about. Her parents are also too busy arguing and explaining things to one another to answer her questions. Even though she is asking innocent questions, you can tell through her voice and facial expressions that the experience is still worrying her. This again creates tension and suspense because of what the characters are feeling. 3) IN ROBERT NEVILLE’S LABATORY- USE OF CAMERA ANGLES TO BUILD SUSPENSE AND TENSION Camera angles are used skillfully throughout the laboratory scene to draw in the audience to empathize with Robert. After Robert and Sam have been attacked by the Hemocytes’ dogs, the scene changes to Robert’s lab. Sam is seriously injured and Robert is rushing to look after her but doesn’t manage to save her as she turns into a Hemocyte As a result, Robert has to kill her. The camera angles used in this scene change rapidly so the audience can follow all the action and also includes close-ups of facial expressions as it is important to the narrative that we see that the decision to kill is a hard one for him. When it first changes to this scene, the camera is tracking Robert in a medium close-up shot. The tracking effect is used to show how fast he is moving but also shows how he is feeling agitated and distressed. Francis Lawrence uses the same way of building up tension suspense throughout the film. This is an example of how he continuously uses characters, e motions to create tension and suspense for the audience, as this makes the audience feel a mixture between anxiety and anticipation. The shot then changes to a medium shot but starts off tracking to continually show the rush Robert is in. Shown in this shot is Robert holding a needle in front of the injured Sam on the surgery table. The shot shows Robert hesitate and shake his head before he continues with injecting Sam with what might be the cure as he knows he must do this if he has a chance of saving Sam. After this, it turns to a low angle shot of Robert sitting on the laboratory floor while holding Sam tight in his arms. This angle is usually used to make characters look dominant, but it this case it shows Robert as caring and vulnerable. This whole scene makes the audience feel uncertainty about what will happen next, as he is losing his best friend and only companion. The camera then zooms all the way in until it is a close up of Robert’s face. The zooming in was don e very slowly so that the audience can see the nature of Roberts’s relationship with Sam. Their relationship is extremely important to Robert as Sam is his only companion. This goes on the theme, â€Å"Dogs are a man’s best friend†, as the character, Robert has only got Sam left and he relies on him to be there for companionship. Also we recall that Sam belonged to Carly, Robert’s daughter, but she entrusted Sam to Robert before she was rescued by a helicopter and told him to look after Sam. After this, there are several short close-ups which build the tension as they show Robert finding the symptoms of the dog changing into a Hemocytes(losing fur, eyes red and teeth gripped together) In-between these are close- ups of Roberts face which show him questioning what to do and his unhappiness. The camera focuses on his face, showing his distress and sadness and building the dramatic tension as he is forced to make the decision to kill his only companion. T he camera remains in close-up as Robert is killing Sam, showing him clenching his teeth and frowning, trying to keep back the tears. After this shot ,the camera then zooms out again slowly making Robert looking lonely and deserted, with dead Sam lying on the floor next to him. USE OF SOUND IN THE LABORTORY SCENE TO BUILD UP TENSION AND SUSPENSE Francis Lawrence skilfully uses sound in this scene to build mood and tension. The sounds in this scene are mainly diegetic, most of it speech. However, when the character, Robert Neville is sitting on the floor holding Sam in his arms he sings â€Å"Three Little Birds† by Bob Marley, which Robert has sung on numerous occasions throughout the film. Robert is trying to reassure himself that everything will turn out alright, through the meaning of the song. While Robert is killing Sam, you do not see Sam as the sound is enough for the audience to use the rest of their imagination to figure out what is happening. After Sam’s death, the camera zooms out, finding the character, Robert lying on the floor crying. There is a non-diegetic sound which is sad and slow music, making the audience feel empathy for the character, Robert. This brings in the theme of â€Å"The Human Instinct for Survival† as he has been forced by necessity to kill his best friend and only compani on. Throughout the film Francis Lawrence uses tension and suspense to a great level. He uses the narrative and the characters emotions as well as music and camera angles to help to build this up. The camera angles are skilfully use to show the characters looking worried and scared causing there to be a rise in suspense and tension as the audience also feels a combination of anticipation and uncertainty. Overall I believe Francis Lawrence has done an effective job of building up tension and suspense. 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